{
  "schema_version": "1.1",
  "document": {
    "temp_id": "d1",
    "title": "Witr in the Four Sunni Schools: An Overview",
    "subtitle": "Sample entry — demonstration data",
    "document_type": "encyclopedia_entry",
    "publisher": "Islamic Academy (sample data)",
    "publication_date": "2026",
    "language": "en",
    "summary": "A descriptive sample overview of how the four Sunni schools classify Witr, without arguing for any view. It records the Hanafi classification as wajib, reported in al-Hidayah, the classification of the other three schools as an emphasised sunnah, the statement of 'Ali reported by al-Tirmidhi, and the Qur'anic description of night prayer as additional worship.",
    "keywords": [
      "witr",
      "madhhab",
      "comparative fiqh",
      "tahajjud"
    ],
    "rights": {
      "status": "permitted"
    }
  },
  "content_blocks": [
    {
      "temp_id": "b1",
      "order": 1,
      "block_type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Malik ibn Anas, al-Shafi'i and Ahmad ibn Hanbal are reported to have regarded Witr as an emphasised sunnah. Abu Hanifa regarded it as wajib, a view recorded in the Hanafi manual al-Hidayah. This overview records the positions without weighing them."
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    {
      "temp_id": "t0",
      "title": "Witr prayer",
      "slug_suggestion": "witr-prayer",
      "title_arabic": "صلاة الوتر",
      "aliases": [
        "Witr",
        "Salat al-Witr"
      ],
      "category": "Fiqh > Prayer (Salah)",
      "keywords": [
        "witr",
        "night prayer"
      ],
      "description": "The Witr prayer, the odd-numbered prayer that closes the night prayer: its ruling, number of rak'at, time and manner.",
      "identification": "explicit"
    },
    {
      "temp_id": "t1",
      "title": "Ruling on Witr",
      "slug_suggestion": "witr-ruling",
      "proposition": "Witr is obligatory (wajib).",
      "identification": "explicit",
      "position": "neutral",
      "position_explanation": "The entry describes each school's classification and its evidence without adopting one.",
      "qualifications": [],
      "confidence": "high",
      "keywords": [
        "witr",
        "madhhab"
      ],
      "parent": "t0",
      "aliases": [
        "Is Witr wajib",
        "Obligation of the Witr prayer"
      ],
      "transliterations": [
        "hukm salat al-witr"
      ],
      "title_arabic": "حكم صلاة الوتر"
    }
  ],
  "people": [
    {
      "temp_id": "p1",
      "name": "Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani",
      "aliases": [
        "al-Marghinani"
      ],
      "death_year_ah": 593,
      "person_type": "scholar",
      "roles_in_document": [
        "quoted"
      ]
    },
    {
      "temp_id": "p2",
      "name": "Malik ibn Anas",
      "aliases": [
        "Imam Malik"
      ],
      "death_year_ah": 179,
      "person_type": "scholar",
      "roles_in_document": [
        "position_reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "temp_id": "p3",
      "name": "Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i",
      "aliases": [
        "al-Shafi'i",
        "Imam al-Shafi'i"
      ],
      "death_year_ah": 204,
      "person_type": "scholar",
      "roles_in_document": [
        "position_reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "temp_id": "p4",
      "name": "Ahmad ibn Hanbal",
      "aliases": [
        "Imam Ahmad"
      ],
      "death_year_ah": 241,
      "person_type": "scholar",
      "roles_in_document": [
        "position_reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "temp_id": "p5",
      "name": "Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man ibn Thabit",
      "aliases": [
        "Abu Hanifa"
      ],
      "death_year_ah": 150,
      "person_type": "scholar",
      "roles_in_document": [
        "position_reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "temp_id": "p6",
      "name": "Muhammad ibn 'Isa al-Tirmidhi",
      "aliases": [
        "al-Tirmidhi"
      ],
      "death_year_ah": 279,
      "person_type": "scholar",
      "roles_in_document": [
        "compiler",
        "grader"
      ]
    },
    {
      "temp_id": "p7",
      "name": "'Ali ibn Abi Talib",
      "aliases": [
        "Ali ibn Abi Talib"
      ],
      "death_year_ah": 40,
      "person_type": "companion",
      "roles_in_document": [
        "narrator"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "works": [
    {
      "temp_id": "w1",
      "title": "al-Hidayah",
      "alt_titles": [
        "al-Hidayah fi Sharh Bidayat al-Mubtadi"
      ],
      "work_type": "fiqh_manual",
      "contributors": [
        {
          "person": "p1",
          "role": "author"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "temp_id": "w2",
      "title": "Sunan al-Tirmidhi",
      "alt_titles": [
        "Jami' al-Tirmidhi"
      ],
      "work_type": "hadith_collection",
      "contributors": [
        {
          "person": "p6",
          "role": "compiler"
        }
      ],
      "numbering_system": "sunnah.com"
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "temp_id": "c1",
      "work": "w1",
      "original_reference": "al-Hidayah, Bab Salat al-Witr",
      "section": "Bab Salat al-Witr"
    },
    {
      "temp_id": "c2",
      "work": "w2",
      "original_reference": "Tirmidhi 453",
      "hadith_number": "453"
    }
  ],
  "quotes": [
    {
      "temp_id": "q1",
      "speaker": "p1",
      "text": "Witr is obligatory (wajib) according to Abu Hanifa, while the two [Abu Yusuf and Muhammad] said: it is a sunnah.",
      "text_original": "الوتر واجب عند أبي حنيفة رحمه الله، وقالا: سنة",
      "original_language": "ar",
      "translation_language": "en",
      "quote_type": "direct",
      "work": "w1",
      "citation": "c1",
      "topics": [
        "t1"
      ],
      "speaker_positions": [
        {
          "topic": "t1",
          "position": "supporting"
        }
      ],
      "usage": [
        {
          "topic": "t1",
          "used_for": "neutral",
          "how_used": "Quoted only to document the Hanafi position; the overview does not endorse it."
        }
      ],
      "origin": "source_document",
      "context": {
        "subject": "The opening of al-Marghinani's chapter on Witr in al-Hidayah, stating the positions within the Hanafi school before giving the evidence.",
        "relevance": "direct",
        "statement_type": "report_of_others",
        "surrounding_text": "الوتر واجب عند أبي حنيفة رحمه الله، وقالا: سنة"
      }
    }
  ],
  "hadiths": [
    {
      "temp_id": "h1",
      "collection": "w2",
      "hadith_number": "453",
      "numbering_system": "sunnah.com",
      "narrators": [
        {
          "person": "p7",
          "role": "companion"
        }
      ],
      "gradings": [
        {
          "grader": "p6",
          "grade": "hasan",
          "citation": "c2"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "t1"
      ],
      "citation": "c2",
      "how_used": "Cited as the main report used by the majority."
    }
  ],
  "quran_verses": [
    {
      "temp_id": "v1",
      "surah": 17,
      "ayah_start": 79,
      "translation": "And from [part of] the night, pray with it as additional [worship] for you; it is expected that your Lord will resurrect you to a praised station.",
      "translation_source": "Saheeh International",
      "topics": [
        "t1"
      ],
      "how_used": "Background: night prayer is described as nafilah (additional) for the Prophet ﷺ."
    }
  ],
  "claims": [],
  "review_flags": [
    {
      "target": "p2",
      "field": "quote",
      "severity": "info",
      "message": "Sample data: Malik ibn Anas's view is summarised, not quoted; add the wording from a primary source of his school."
    },
    {
      "target": "p3",
      "field": "quote",
      "severity": "info",
      "message": "Sample data: al-Shafi'i's view is summarised, not quoted; add the wording from a primary source of his school."
    },
    {
      "target": "p4",
      "field": "quote",
      "severity": "info",
      "message": "Sample data: Ahmad ibn Hanbal's view is summarised, not quoted; add the wording from a primary source of his school."
    },
    {
      "target": "p5",
      "field": "quote",
      "severity": "info",
      "message": "Sample data: Abu Hanifa's view is summarised, not quoted; add the wording from a primary source of his school."
    }
  ],
  "evidence_assessments": [],
  "source_inventory": [
    {
      "mention": "Malik ibn Anas",
      "kind": "scholar",
      "recorded_as": [
        "p2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "mention": "al-Shafi'i",
      "kind": "scholar",
      "recorded_as": [
        "p3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "mention": "Ahmad ibn Hanbal",
      "kind": "scholar",
      "recorded_as": [
        "p4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "mention": "Abu Hanifa regarded it as wajib",
      "kind": "scholar",
      "recorded_as": [
        "p5"
      ]
    },
    {
      "mention": "the Hanafi manual al-Hidayah",
      "kind": "book",
      "recorded_as": [
        "w1",
        "c1",
        "q1",
        "p1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "mention": "Tirmidhi 453",
      "kind": "hadith",
      "recorded_as": [
        "h1",
        "c2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "mention": "Qur'an 17:79",
      "kind": "quran_verse",
      "recorded_as": [
        "v1"
      ]
    }
  ]
}